CS/HB 3883: Protection of Children
GENERAL BILL by Family Law & Children ; Lynn ; (CO-INTRODUCERS) Crist ; Heyman ; Kosmas ; Prewitt ; Dennis ; Murman
Protection of Children; reorganizes & revises Proceedings Relating to Children provisions; provides for personnel standards & screening & for drug testing; amends certain provision re immunity from liability for agents of CFS Dept. or social service agency; provides for right to counsel; provides for working agreements with local law enforcement to perform criminal investigations; establishes Relative Caregiver Program, etc. Amends FS. APPROPRIATION: $14,500,000.
Effective Date: Contingent
Last Action: 5/1/1998 House - Died in returning Messages, Iden./Sim./Compare Bill(s) passed refer to HB 1019 (Ch. 98-403), CS/CS/SB 1024 (Ch. 98-111), CS/SB 1540 (Ch. 98-78)
Bill Text: Web Page | PDF
Last Action: 5/1/1998 House - Died in returning Messages, Iden./Sim./Compare Bill(s) passed refer to HB 1019 (Ch. 98-403), CS/CS/SB 1024 (Ch. 98-111), CS/SB 1540 (Ch. 98-78)
Bill Text: Web Page | PDF
Bill History
| Date | Chamber | Action |
|---|---|---|
| 3/3/1998 | House |
• Filed; Introduced -HJ 00062 |
| 3/13/1998 | House |
• Referred to Family Law & Children (JC); Governmental Operations (GRC); Health & Human Services Appropriations -HJ 00238; On Committee agenda-- Family Law & Children (JC), 03/19/98, 8:00 am, 16-HOB |
| 3/19/1998 | House |
• Comm. Action: Unanimously CS by Family Law & Children (JC) -HJ 00390 |
| 3/31/1998 | House |
• CS read first time on 03/31/98 -HJ 00384; Now in Governmental Operations (GRC) -HJ 00390 |
| 4/14/1998 | House |
• Withdrawn from Governmental Operations (GRC) -HJ 00571; Now in Health & Human Services Appropriations; On Committee agenda-- Health & Human Services Appropriations, 04/14/98, 3:45 pm, 317C; Comm. Action:-Unanimously Favorable with 6 amendment(s) by Health & Human Services Appropriations -HJ 00689 |
| 4/16/1998 | House |
• Pending Consent Calendar -HJ 00689 |
| 4/20/1998 | House |
• Objection filed; Placed on Justice Council Calendar -HJ 00741 |
| 4/23/1998 | House |
• Read second time -HJ 01006; Amendment(s) adopted -HJ 01008; Amendment pending -HJ 01010; Was taken up -HJ 01047; Pending amendment adopted -HJ 01049; Amendment pending -HJ 01050; Was taken up -HJ 01075; Pending amendment adopted -HJ 01076 |
| 4/27/1998 | House |
• Read third time -HJ 01382; Amendment(s) adopted -HJ 01383; Amendment pending -HJ 01384; Was taken up -HJ 01386; Pending amendment failed -HJ 01387; CS passed as amended; YEAS 93 NAYS 19 -HJ 01389 |
| 4/28/1998 | Senate |
• In Messages |
| 4/30/1998 | Senate |
• Received, referred to Judiciary; Children, Families and Seniors; Rules and Calendar -SJ 01523; Immediately withdrawn from Judiciary; Children, Families and Seniors; Rules and Calendar -SJ 01353; Substituted for CS/SB 2170 -SJ 01355; Read second time -SJ 01355; Was taken up -SJ 01367; Amendment(s) adopted -SJ 01369; Read third time -SJ 01448; CS passed as amended; YEAS 38 NAYS 0 -SJ 01448 |
| 4/30/1998 | House |
• In returning messages |
| 5/1/1998 | House |
• Died in returning Messages, Iden./Sim./Compare Bill(s) passed refer to HB 1019 (Ch. 98-403), CS/CS/SB 1024 (Ch. 98-111), CS/SB 1540 (Ch. 98-78) |
Related Bills
| Bill Number | Subject | Filed By | Relationship | Last Action and Location |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| H 1019 (e3) | Bloom | Similar | Last Action: 6/11/1998 Approved by Governor; Chapter No. 98-403; See also CS/CS/SB 1024 (Ch. 98-111), CS/SB 1540 (Ch. 98-78) | |
| S 2170 (c1) | Protection of Children | Dudley | Similar | Last Action: 4/30/1998 S Placed on Special Order Calendar -SJ 01222, -SJ 01522; House Bill substituted -SJ 01355; Laid on Table, Refer to CS/HB 3883 (Died in House Returning Messages); Refer to HB 1019 (Ch. 98-403), CS/CS/SB 1024 (Ch. 98-111), CS/SB 1540 (Ch. 98-78) |
| H 3197 (c1) | Child Protection Act | Wise | Compare | Last Action: 5/1/1998 H Died on Governmental Responsibility Council Calendar, Iden./Sim./Compare bill(s) passed, refer to HB 1019 (Ch. 98-403) |
| H 3887 (e1) | Public Records/Child Abuse/Neglect | Lynn | Compare | Last Action: 5/1/1998 S Died in Committee on Children, Families and Seniors, Iden./Sim./Compare Bill(s) passed, refer to HB 1019 (Ch. 98-403) |
| H 4007 | Relative Caretaker Program/CFS Dept. | Dawson-White | Compare | Last Action: 5/1/1998 H Died in Government Services Council pending ranking, Iden./Sim./Compare bill(s) passed, refer to CS/SB 1540 (Ch. 98-78), HB 1019 (Ch. 98-403) |
| H 4229 (c1) | Abuse/False Reports | Dockery | Compare | Last Action: 4/28/1998 H Senate Bill substituted; Laid on Table, Iden./Sim./Compare Bill(s) passed, refer to CS/CS/SB 1024 (Ch. 98-111); See also HB 4167 (Ch. 98-182) -HJ 01475 |
| S 548 | Family Bill of Rights Act | Ostalkiewicz | Compare | Last Action: 5/1/1998 S Died in Committee on Ways and Means, Iden./Sim./Compare Bill(s) passed, refer to HB 1019 (Ch. 98-403) |
| S 1024 (e1) | Hargrett | Compare | Last Action: 5/22/1998 Became Law without Governor's Signature; Chapter No. 98-111; See also HB 1019 (Ch. 98-403), HB 4167 (Ch. 98-182) | |
| S 1540 (c1) | Turner | Compare | Last Action: 5/21/1998 Approved by Governor; Chapter No. 98-78; See also HB 1019 (Ch. 98-403) |
Bill Text
| Version | Posted | Format |
|---|---|---|
| H 3883 Filed | 8/28/2000 11:09 AM | Web Page | PDF |
| H 3883 c1 | 8/28/2000 11:09 AM | Web Page | PDF |
| H 3883 e1 | 8/28/2000 11:09 AM | Web Page | PDF |
| H 3883 e2 | 8/28/2000 11:09 AM | Web Page | PDF |
Committee Amendments
| Amendment | Sponsor | Filed | Last Committee Action | Format |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
020825 - Amendment |
Family Law & Children |
4/22/1998 8:25 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
050397 - Amendment |
Health & Human Services Appropriations |
4/22/1998 8:26 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
283009 - Amendment |
Health & Human Services Appropriations |
4/22/1998 8:36 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
312973 - Amendment |
Family Law & Children |
4/22/1998 8:37 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
343371 - Amendment |
Family Law & Children |
4/22/1998 8:38 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
524539 - Amendment |
Family Law & Children |
4/22/1998 8:45 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
533383 - Amendment |
Health & Human Services Appropriations |
4/22/1998 8:45 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
643987 - Amendment |
Health & Human Services Appropriations |
4/22/1998 8:48 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
751095 - Amendment |
Family Law & Children |
4/22/1998 8:50 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
760557 - Amendment |
Family Law & Children |
4/22/1998 8:50 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
792205 - Amendment |
Health & Human Services Appropriations |
4/22/1998 8:51 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
832219 - Amendment |
Family Law & Children |
4/22/1998 8:51 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
835701 - Amendment |
Family Law & Children |
4/22/1998 8:52 PM |
Web Page
|
| Amendment | Sponsor | Filed | Last Committee Action | Format |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
970561 - Technical Amendment |
Rules, Resolutions, & Ethics |
4/24/1998 8:34 PM |
Web Page
|
Floor Amendments
| Amendments | Sponsor | Filed | Last Floor Action | Format |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
292957 - Amendment |
Wise |
4/22/1998 8:36 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
524879 - Amendment |
Wise |
4/22/1998 8:45 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
822031 - Amendment |
Wise |
4/22/1998 8:51 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
841961 - Amendment |
Wise |
4/22/1998 8:52 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
231961 - Amendment |
Lynn |
4/24/1998 8:32 PM |
Web Page
|
| Amendments | Sponsor | Filed | Last Floor Action | Format |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
395360 - Amendment |
Gutman |
4/29/1998 8:26 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
432742 - Amendment |
Forman |
5/1/1998 5:49 AM |
Web Page
|
|
|
040736 - Amendment |
Dudley |
5/8/1998 8:24 PM |
Web Page
|
|
|
723774 - Amendment |
Dudley |
5/12/1998 12:17 AM |
Web Page
|
|
911214 - Amendment to Amendment (723774) |
Dudley |
5/1/1998 5:48 AM |
Web Page
|
|
|
711666 - Amendment to Amendment (723774) |
Gutman |
5/1/1998 5:48 AM |
Web Page
|
|
|
365572 - Amendment to Amendment (723774) |
Rossin |
5/1/1998 5:49 AM |
Web Page
|
|
|
113616 - Amendment to Amendment (723774) |
Forman |
5/1/1998 5:49 AM |
Web Page
|
Bill Analyses
| Type | Analysis | Author | Posted | Format |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Family Law & Children (Post-Meeting) | 3/16/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Family Law & Children (Post-Meeting) | 3/16/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Family Law & Children (Post-Meeting) | 3/16/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Family Law & Children (Post-Meeting) | 3/30/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Family Law & Children (Post-Meeting) | 6/16/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Family Law & Children (Post-Meeting) | 3/30/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Family Law & Children (Post-Meeting) | 3/30/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Family Law & Children (Post-Meeting) | 3/30/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Family Law & Children (Post-Meeting) | 6/16/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Health & Human Services Appropriations (Post-Meeting) | 4/14/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Health & Human Services Appropriations (Post-Meeting) | 4/14/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Health & Human Services Appropriations (Post-Meeting) | 4/14/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Health & Human Services Appropriations (Post-Meeting) | 4/14/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Health & Human Services Appropriations (Post-Meeting) | 4/14/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Health & Human Services Appropriations (Post-Meeting) | 4/14/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Health & Human Services Appropriations (Post-Meeting) | 4/14/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Health & Human Services Appropriations (Post-Meeting) | 4/14/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Health & Human Services Appropriations (Post-Meeting) | 4/14/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Health & Human Services Appropriations (Post-Meeting) | 4/14/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Health & Human Services Appropriations (Post-Meeting) | 4/14/1998 12:00 AM | |
| Bill Analysis | H 3883 | Health & Human Services Appropriations (Post-Meeting) | 4/14/1998 12:00 AM |
Vote History - Committee
No Committee Vote History AvailableVote History - Floor
| Vote | Date | Chamber | Result |
|---|---|---|---|
| H 3883 e2 | 4/27/1998 3:48 PM | House | 93 Yeas - 19 Nays |
| H 3883 e2 | 4/30/1998 5:11 PM | Senate | 38 Yeas - 0 Nays |
Citations - Statutes (244)
| Citation | Catchline | Location in Bill Location In Bill Help |
|---|---|---|
| 20.19 | Department of Children and Family Services. | |
| 20.43 | Department of Health. | |
| 39.001 | Purposes and intent; personnel standards and screening. | |
| 39.0015 | ||
| 39.002 | Legislative intent. | |
| 39.01 | Definitions. | |
| 39.011 | ||
| 39.012 | Rules for implementation. | |
| 39.0121 | ||
| 39.013 | ||
| 39.0131 | ||
| 39.0132 | ||
| 39.0133 | ||
| 39.0134 | ||
| 39.0135 | ||
| 39.0195 | Sheltering unmarried minors; aiding unmarried minor runaways; violations. | |
| 39.0196 | Children locked out of the home; interagency cooperation. | |
| 39.201 | ||
| 39.202 | ||
| 39.203 | ||
| 39.204 | ||
| 39.205 | ||
| 39.206 | ||
| 39.301 | ||
| 39.302 | ||
| 39.303 | ||
| 39.3035 | ||
| 39.304 | ||
| 39.305 | ||
| 39.306 | ||
| 39.307 | ||
| 39.311 | ||
| 39.312 | ||
| 39.313 | ||
| 39.314 | ||
| 39.315 | ||
| 39.316 | ||
| 39.317 | ||
| 39.318 | ||
| 39.39 | Definition. | |
| 39.395 | ||
| 39.40 | Procedures and jurisdiction. | |
| 39.401 | Taking a child alleged to be dependent into custody. | |
| 39.402 | Placement in a shelter. | |
| 39.403 | Protective investigation. | |
| 39.4031 | Case plan requirements. | |
| 39.4032 | Multidisciplinary case staffing. | |
| 39.4033 | Referral of a dependency case to mediation. | |
| 39.404 | Petition for dependency. | |
| 39.405 | Notice, process, and service. | |
| 39.4051 | Identity or location of parent unknown; special procedures. | |
| 39.4052 | Affirmative duty of written notice to adult relatives. | |
| 39.4053 | Diligent search; child in custody of department. | |
| 39.4055 | Injunction pending disposition of petition for detention or dependency; penalty. | |
| 39.4057 | Permanent mailing address designation. | |
| 39.406 | No answer required. | |
| 39.407 | Medical, psychiatric, and psychological examination and treatment of child; physical or mental examination of parent, guardian, or person requesting custody of child. | |
| 39.4075 | ||
| 39.408 | Hearings for dependency cases. | |
| 39.409 | Orders of adjudication. | |
| 39.41 | Powers of disposition. | |
| 39.4105 | Grandparents rights. | |
| 39.411 | Oaths, records, and confidential information. | |
| 39.413 | Appeal. | |
| 39.414 | Court and witness fees. | |
| 39.415 | Appointed counsel; compensation. | |
| 39.418 | Operations and Maintenance Trust Fund. | |
| 39.449 | Definition. | |
| 39.45 | Legislative intent. | |
| 39.451 | Case planning for children in foster care. | |
| 39.452 | Case planning when parents do not participate and the child is in foster care. | |
| 39.453 | Judicial review. | |
| 39.4531 | Citizen review panels. | |
| 39.454 | Initiation of termination of parental rights proceedings. | |
| 39.455 | Immunity from liability. | |
| 39.456 | Exemptions. | |
| 39.457 | Leon County pilot program; additional benefits to children in foster care. | |
| 39.459 | Definition. | |
| 39.46 | Procedures and jurisdiction. | |
| 39.461 | Petition for termination of parental rights. | |
| 39.4611 | Elements of petition for termination of parental rights. | |
| 39.4612 | Manifest best interests of the child. | |
| 39.462 | Process and services. | |
| 39.4625 | Identity or location of parent unknown after filing of termination of parental rights petition; special procedures. | |
| 39.4627 | Penalties for false statements of paternity. | |
| 39.463 | No answer required. | |
| 39.464 | Grounds for termination of parental rights. | |
| 39.465 | Right to counsel; guardian ad litem. | |
| 39.466 | Advisory hearing. | |
| 39.467 | Adjudicatory hearing. | |
| 39.469 | Powers of disposition; order of disposition. | |
| 39.47 | Post disposition relief. | |
| 39.471 | Oaths, records, and confidential information. | |
| 39.472 | Court and witness fees. | |
| 39.473 | Appeal. | |
| 39.474 | Appointed counsel; compensation. | |
| 39.475 | Rights of grandparents. | |
| 39.501 | ||
| 39.502 | ||
| 39.503 | ||
| 39.504 | ||
| 39.505 | ||
| 39.506 | ||
| 39.507 | ||
| 39.508 | ||
| 39.5085 | ||
| 39.509 | ||
| 39.510 | ||
| 39.601 | ||
| 39.602 | ||
| 39.603 | ||
| 39.701 | ||
| 39.702 | ||
| 39.703 | ||
| 39.704 | ||
| 39.801 | ||
| 39.802 | ||
| 39.803 | ||
| 39.804 | ||
| 39.805 | ||
| 39.806 | ||
| 39.807 | ||
| 39.808 | ||
| 39.809 | ||
| 39.810 | ||
| 39.811 | ||
| 39.812 | ||
| 39.813 | ||
| 39.814 | ||
| 39.815 | ||
| 39.816 | ||
| 39.817 | ||
| 39.820 | ||
| 39.821 | ||
| 39.822 | ||
| 39.823 | ||
| 39.824 | ||
| 39.825 | ||
| 39.826 | ||
| 39.827 | ||
| 39.828 | ||
| 39.829 | ||
| 39.8295 | ||
| 39.901 | ||
| 39.902 | ||
| 39.903 | ||
| 39.904 | ||
| 39.905 | ||
| 39.906 | ||
| 39.908 | ||
| 61.13 | Custody and support of children; visitation rights; power of court in making orders. | |
| 61.401 | Appointment of guardian ad litem. | |
| 61.402 | Qualifications of guardians ad litem. | |
| 63.052 | Guardians designated; proof of commitment. | |
| 63.092 | Report to the court of intended placement by an intermediary; preliminary study. | |
| 90.5036 | Domestic violence advocate-victim privilege. | |
| 154.067 | Child abuse and neglect cases; duties. | |
| 213.053 | Confidentiality and information sharing. | |
| 216.136 | Consensus estimating conferences; duties and principals. | |
| 232.50 | Child abuse and neglect policy. | |
| 318.21 | Disposition of civil penalties by county courts. | |
| 384.29 | Confidentiality. | |
| 392.65 | Confidentiality. | |
| 393.063 | Definitions. | |
| 395.1023 | Child abuse and neglect cases; duties. | |
| 400.4174 | Reports of abuse in facilities. | |
| 400.556 | Denial, suspension, revocation of license; administrative fines; investigations and inspections. | |
| 402.165 | Statewide Human Rights Advocacy Committee; confidential records and meetings. | |
| 402.166 | District human rights advocacy committees; confidential records and meetings. | |
| 409.1672 | Incentives for department employees. | |
| 409.176 | Registration of residential child-caring agencies and family foster homes. | |
| 409.2554 | Definitions. | |
| 409.2577 | Parent locator service. | |
| 409.912 | Cost-effective purchasing of health care. | |
| 409.9126 | Children with special health care needs. | |
| 414.065 | Work requirements. | |
| 415.501 | Prevention of abuse and neglect of children; state plan. | |
| 415.5015 | Child abuse prevention training in the district school system. | |
| 415.5016 | Purpose and legislative intent. | |
| 415.50165 | Definitions. | |
| 415.5017 | Family services response system; procedures. | |
| 415.50171 | Family services response system; reports of child-on-child sexual abuse. | |
| 415.50175 | Confidentiality of records. | |
| 415.5018 | District authority and responsibilities. | |
| 415.50185 | Outcome evaluation. | |
| 415.5019 | Rules. | |
| 415.502 | Comprehensive protective services for abused or neglected children; legislative intent. | |
| 415.503 | Definitions of terms used in ss. 415.502-415.514. | |
| 415.504 | Mandatory reports of child abuse or neglect; mandatory reports of death; central abuse hotline. | |
| 415.505 | Child protective investigations; institutional child abuse or neglect investigations. | |
| 415.5055 | Child protection teams; services; eligible cases. | |
| 415.506 | Taking child into protective custody. | |
| 415.507 | Photographs, medical examinations, X rays, and medical treatment of abused or neglected child. | |
| 415.5075 | Implementation of ch. 86-220; rules. | |
| 415.5077 | Qualifications of guardians ad litem. | |
| 415.508 | Appointment of guardian ad litem for abused or neglected child. | |
| 415.5082 | Guardian advocates for drug dependent newborns. | |
| 415.5083 | Procedures and jurisdiction. | |
| 415.5084 | Petition for appointment of a guardian advocate. | |
| 415.5085 | Process and service. | |
| 415.5086 | Hearing for appointment of a guardian advocate. | |
| 415.5087 | Grounds for appointment of a guardian advocate. | |
| 415.5088 | Powers and duties of guardian advocate. | |
| 415.5089 | Review and removal of guardian advocate. | |
| 415.509 | Responsibilities of public agencies with respect to prevention, identification, and treatment of child abuse and child neglect; educational and training programs. | |
| 415.5095 | Intervention and treatment in sexual abuse cases; model plan. | |
| 415.511 | Immunity from liability in cases of child abuse or neglect. | |
| 415.512 | Abrogation of privileged communications in cases involving child abuse or neglect. | |
| 415.513 | Penalties relating to abuse reporting. | |
| 415.5131 | Administrative fines for false report of abuse or neglect of a child. | |
| 415.514 | Rules for implementation of ss. 415.502-415.514. | |
| 415.515 | Establishment of Family Builders Program. | |
| 415.516 | Goals. | |
| 415.517 | Contracting of services. | |
| 415.518 | Eligibility for Family Builders Program services. | |
| 415.519 | Delivery of Family Builders Program services. | |
| 415.520 | Qualifications of Family Builders Program workers. | |
| 415.521 | Outcome evaluation. | |
| 415.522 | Funding. | |
| 415.601 | Domestic violence cases; treatment and rehabilitation of victims and perpetrators; legislative intent. | |
| 415.602 | Definitions of terms used in ss. 415.601-415.608. | |
| 415.603 | Duties and functions of the department with respect to domestic violence. | |
| 415.604 | Report to the Legislature on the status of domestic violence cases. | |
| 415.605 | Domestic violence centers. | |
| 415.606 | Referral to centers and notice of rights. | |
| 415.608 | Confidentiality of information received by department or domestic violence center. | |
| 435.045 | ||
| 447.401 | Grievance procedures. | |
| 464.018 | Disciplinary actions. | |
| 490.014 | Exemptions. | |
| 491.014 | Exemptions. | |
| 741.30 | Domestic violence; injunction; powers and duties of court and clerk; petition; notice and hearing; temporary injunction; issuance of injunction; statewide verification system; enforcement. | |
| 744.309 | Who may be appointed guardian of a resident ward. | |
| 784.075 | Battery on detention or commitment facility staff. | |
| 933.18 | When warrant may be issued for search of private dwelling. | |
| 943.045 | Definitions; ss. 943.045-943.08. | |
| 944.401 | Escapes from secure detention or residential commitment facility. | |
| 944.705 | Release orientation program. | |
| 984.03 | Definitions. | |
| 984.10 | Intake. | |
| 984.15 | Petition for a child in need of services. | |
| 984.24 | Appeal. | |
| 985.03 | Definitions. | |
| 985.303 | Neighborhood restorative justice. |
Citations - Constitution (0)
No Constitutional citations.
Citations - Chapter Law (0)
No Chapter Law citations.
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